&
Definitions,
Values,
DJ's Rights, 7 Stages,
Alternative Providers,
CINDEA Recognition,
Why use Services?
Expectations,
Web of Facets,
Advantages of a DM,
CINDEA Recognition,
Philosophy in Practice
Final
Affairs,
Advance Directives & Representation/Proxy,
Dementia
History,
Why Consider It,
Basics, Videos,
Physical
Care,
6 Shroud Patterns,
DJ's Remains
By My Own Heart & Hand
Home Funerals, Greening Death, Children & Deathing Rites
Various forms
of
ecological disposition
National
& Provincial
National
& Provincial
National
& Provincial
U.S.A., U.K.,
etc.
for Adults & Children
and Donations
Articles & Updates
&
Definitions,
Values,
DJ's Rights, 7 Stages,
Alternative Providers,
CINDEA Recognition,
Why use Services?
Expectations,
Web of Facets,
Advantages of a DM,
CINDEA Recognition,
Philosophy in Practice
Final
Affairs,
Advance Directives & Representation/Proxy,
Dementia
History,
Why Consider It,
Basics, Videos,
Physical
Care,
6 Shroud Patterns,
DJ's Remains
Various forms
of
ecological disposition
By My Own Heart & Hand
home funerals, Greening Death, Children, and Deathing Rites
National
& Provincial
National
& Provincial
National
& Provincial
U.S.A., U.K.,
etc.
for
Adults & Children
and Donations
Articles & Updates
|
|
|
As
pan-death alternatives are a very new development
in Canada, we have only listed those which we
are aware of. We hope to be able
to eventually provide links to specific information
for each of the provinces and territories. If
you are aware of an alternative death-care service
being offered in your area, please let us know
— contact
us via email. Information
on the actual pan-death process (what/when/where/how)
is covered under the Post-death
Care/Home Funerals page.
One
of CINDEA's mandates is to bridge the gap
between pre-death and post-death services —
services that are rarely directly connected. We
recognize that we are reinforcing that gap by
offering pre-death and post-death resources on
separate pages of this site.However,
it was necessary to avoid the Resources in Canada
pages from becoming too long.We
hope that you will consider both the pre-death
and post-death pages when looking for resources
to plan your end-of-life affairs.
We
have a new page —
DWENA/Deathcare
Practitioners Directory —
where you will find listings of Death Educators,
Death Doulas, Home Funeral Guides, Funeral Celebrants
and Death Midwifery/Pan-death Guides.
CINDEA
has a new online and expanded training program
within
By My Own Heart and Hand that began April
15, 2024. It includes information
and instructions on Home Funerals, Greening Death,
Children and Death, and Deathing Rites. You
can find more information and updates on it on
the Training
page.
Table
of Contents for Canadian Resources
(click
on any of the headings or sub-headings below to
jump to that section)
(For
pre-death resources, click here)
|
Primarily
during/post death care
|
(return
to top)
Legal
Information and Regulations
CANADA
by
Province and Territory
[Note 1: we
have included links for Consumer Protection Services
and the office of the Coroner or Chief Medical
Examiner, because they may be the best source
of information for choosing to do post-death care
yourself —
including whether or not a permit is required
to transport your deceased loved one.]
[Note 2: if you choose to deal with
post-death care at home, including all documents/forms
—
given that our culture is used to having a funeral
home formally deal with things, such as Registration
of Death —
you will need to clarify to your Vital Statistics
office that you are not using one and ask for
the forms that the funeral home would usually
address. Ask for a supervisor at the
Vital Statistics office, or someone who knows
the law regarding not using the assistance of
a funeral home.]
 |
Alberta |
|
|
British
Columbia |
- Government
pages on "Dealing
with Sudden Death" (PDF),
- Expected/Planned
Home Deaths,
Notification
of Expected Death in the Home (PDF),
- Registration
of Death (available
only directly through the Vital Statistics
office),
- Death
Certificate Application(PDF),
and
Death Certificate,
- Consumer
Protection contact info, Consumer
Protection generalities re cemeteries
and crematoriums
- Information
on Private Transport Permits [Notice
"However, sometimes we get requests
from individuals who wish to take personal
responsibility for the transfer of remains
of a loved one to a funeral home, crematorium
or cemetery." —
which
implies that
the body may not go to a funeral home
before being transported for final disposition]
Private
Transport Permit,
- Private
Property Burial Permits,
- Hierarchy
of those allowed to make post-death decisions,
Governement offices that will help
with death registration,(where
no Vit Stats office)
- Funeral
Service Association, and
- Coroners
Service Contact Info,
- plus
Community
Deathcare's Provincial Home Funeral Documentation
Pathways
|
|
Manitoba |
|
|
Newfoundland/Labrador |
|
|
New
Brunswick |
|
|
Northwest
Territories |
|
|
Nova
Scotia |
|
|
Nunavut |
|
|
Ontario |
- What
to do when someone dies (info
—
see "If you do not use a funeral
service provider"),
- EDITH
(Expected Death in The
Home) form and information, Consumer
Information Guide to Funerals
and Guide to Death Care In Onatrio,
Burials
and Cremation services and form
at Bereavement
Authority of Ontario's
A
Guide to Death Care in Ontario
(PDF) (see "Transporting the Dead
Body" pg 7 and "Family-led Death
Care: page 10) or Arrange
a funeral, burial, alkaline hydrolysis,
cremation or scattering (see
"If you don't use a provider"),
or BAO's Family-led
Deathcare
- Family
Access to Cremation Permits,
- Death
Registration — Statement of Death
and form
(PDF), and
- Death
Certificate and How to Apply, and
- Coroner's
Office (Ask for or
download 1. Warrant
to Take Possession of the Body of a Deceased
Person, and 2. Warrant
to Bury the Body of a Deceased Person),
- plus
Community
Deathcare's Provincial Home Funeral Documentation
Pathways
|
|
Prince
Edward Island |
|
|
Quebec |
|
|
Saskatchewan |
|
|
Yukon |
|
(return
to top)
Further
Post-Death Care Information
Canadian
Funeral Consumer Information
Instructional Videos/Films [Note:
Muslims also have several YouTube videos on their
traditional form of washing and shrouding the
body]
Other Useful Information
|
Natural
Transitions Magazine — regular editions
with articles on conscious, holistic approaches
to end of life and death (free
e-version available to subscribers) —
including some Canadian articles |
|
Institute
of Traditional Medicine —
Toronto, Ontario —
Contemplative
'End of Life' care training (click
on "Professional Programs", then
"Contemplative End of Life Care program'
and then its sub-menu for further information) |
|
Dying
Consciously Program/Teachers
—
directory
of teachers in Canada, as well as Australia,
Canada, Hong Kong, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway,
Switzerland, U.S.A, and the U.K. |
|
Dying
into Love — website of free and paid
videos focused on 'conscious dying', or 'personal
healing while dying' (vidoes
by Ram Dass, Joan Halifax, Dale Borglum, Bodhi
Be, and others —
as well as articles, mediations, etc.) |
|
ComfortDying
—
extensive information on end-of-life, death
and dying (including a long
list of books on the subject) |
|
Queer
Community Deathcare (Canada) —
a space of support
for all members of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community
in matters regarding end of life, death, dying,
and grief —
newsletter,
blog, Queer
Death Salon meetings |
(return
to top)
Natural/Green
Burials —
burials that don't include embalming the body,
any non-biodegradable parts to the coffin, cement
grave liners, etc.The
body is allowed to return to the cycle of life,
and the graves are usually maintained as a reclaimed
indigenous eco-system. [Note:
a full body burial at sea is also a 'green' burial,
but logistically prohibitive and expensive in
Canada. See 'Burial at Sea' below.]
CANADA
|
Green
Burial Society of Canada — promoting
green burials, list of providers/cemeteries
throughout Canada (see approved
cemeteries) |
|
Natural
Burial Association (of Canada) —
association to further the development of
green burial grounds in Canada |
|
Funeral
Service Association of Canada Burial at Sea
Burial at Sea
— falls
under the Disposal at Sea permitting provisions
of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act
—
list of Disposal at Sea regional offices |
|
|
Green
Burial Council — developing eco-friendly
end-of-life rituals; protecting the legitimate
benefits of environmentally sustainable deathcare;
and using burial as a means of acquiring,
restoring, and stewarding natural areas; registry
of certified funeral providers, cemeteries,
and cremation disposition programs for the
U.S. and Canada |
| |
Finding
a Provider
—
listed by names of providers in alphabetical
order — look to the bottom of the list
|
|
The
Natural End Map
— connecting families
with funeral directors, cemeteries and service
providers offering simpler, more natural end-of-life
options. Find
a provider (by province/territory)
through the side menus[note:
'search' function doesn't work]; and
Biodegradable
Coffins, Eco Friendly Caskets, and Ash Burial
Urns for North America —
see store
(including shrouding
boards) |
|
Seven
Ponds — excellent review of the ecological
impacts of conventional death practices at
Environmental
Impact of Death page |
|
Living
Reef Memorial The
Living Reef memorial is an eternal legacy
of everlasting life to the world and to the
souls we leave behind.
Where
available and kinds
of Reef Memorials |
|
Green
Burial Cemeteries in the US and Canada
— a directory of green burial grounds
across the world, including Canada (see
green background listings at the end of the
page) |
|
New
Hampshire Funeral Resources and Education
—
includes Canadian Green Burial sites (at bottom,
with green background |
Alberta
British Columbia
|
|
Royal
Oak Burial Park, The
Woodlands — Victoria — offers
green burials (as well as 'hybrid
burials', which use a cement liner on top
of the grave, but otherwise natural/biodegradable
materials) — the first green burial
ground in Canada |
|
|
Memorial
Society of B.C. — working on a range
of green burial options, as described on its
website.Contact:
Memorial Society of BC, 205 - 640 West Broadway
Vancouver BC V5Z 1G4;Tel: (604)
733-7705 or 1-888-816-5902
(24/7);
Email |
|
Denman
Island Natural Burial Cemetery
— Denman Island, BC — the first
contemporary cemetery in Canada that is exclusively
green. Please note that graves
are only available to Denman Island residents
and immediate family. Excellent
information available about the process of
Denman Island Memorial (non-profit) society,
as a model for other small communities. Contact
DINBC
(online) or by mail at 6400
Denman Rd, Denman Island, BC V0R 1T0
|
|
Mountain
View Cemetery —
Vancouver —
hybrid green cemetery which means that the
Cemetery allows biodegradable urns, caskets,
and shrouds and does not require casket vaults
and liners or the process of embalming. It
also allows for more than one casket to be
buried in each grave.
Email
or Phone: 604-325-2646 |
|
Green
Burial Garden, Heritage Garden Cemetery
—
South
Surrey — home to our very own pollinator
meadow with two resident bee hives.
Email
Phone:
604-538-0074
|
|
Salt
Spring Island Natural Cemetery —
Salt Spring Island — Coastal Douglas
Fir forest, with Fir and Maple; protecting
the land in perpetuity — the first fully
green burial ground in Canada to be open to
the public. |
|
Cumberland
Cemetery —
4430 Memorial Way (Minto Road) in Cumberland
off the Comox Valley Parkway —
hybrid with natural burial area |
|
Elk
Falls Cemetery
—
Campbell River —
hybrid with green burial section 452-7852
Gold River Hwy, Campbell River, Bc V9h 1p1,
Canada,
(250)
286-7275 |
|
Yates
Memorial Services
— Parksville and Port Alberni —
offers green burials, including double depth
green burial (2 internments
per grave) Email
for both sites Phone Parksville
1-250-248-5859,
Phone Port Alberni 250.723.5859
Toll Free for both sites
1-877-264-3848 |
|
Living
Reef Memorial —
Gulf
Islands/Georgia Strait locations
—
cremains
are eternally preserved within a scientifically
engineered artificial reef designed to be
forever permanent and vital to the success
of this marine habitat rehabilitation project.
|
|
Green
Burial News BC — development of new
green or hybrid graveyards |
|
Natural
Burial in B.C.
—
list of current green
burial grounds in B.C., as well as a map
of them |
|
Consumer
Protection BC Can I be buried on the family
farm? Information
on home burial in BC |
Nova
Scotia
Ontario
(return
to top)
Additional
Natural/Green-Friendly Options for the Remains (Alkaline Hydrolysis, green
embalming, outdoor funeral pyres, scattering/burial
of ashes, etc.)
— more to come as it becomes available
CANADA
(unfortunately several Canadian
Alkaline Hydrolysis/Aquamation options have been
withdrawn)
|
|
Cremation
Association of North America provides
information on Alkaline Hydrolysis
(also called Resomation, Aquafication, or
Bio-cremation) in Canada.
This option
to fire cremation operates by
dissolving, rather than burning, the body;
and is significantly more eco-friendly. |
British
Columbia
Ontario
Quebec
|
|
Funeral
LeSieur — Granby and Waterloo —
both offer Bio Cremation (Alkaline
Hydrolysis) option to fire cremation.
|
|
Residence
Funeraire
(in French
only) —
Abitibi-Témiscamingue (western
border with Ontario) —
offers
Aquamation (another name for
Alkaline Hydrolysis) to all residents
of Quebec. |
|
Voluntas
—
Kirkland — offers
Bio
Cremation (Alkaline Hydrolysis)
|
Saskatchewan
Washington
state
|
|
Return
Home — Auburn, WA — offers
Terramation (Natural Organic
Reduction, composting bodies) and can
accept Canadian bodies until we have our own
Recomposition. |
(return
to top)
Eco-friendly
Coffins/Shrouds/Urns
|
|
|
|
6
Designs for Shrouds — written and
graphic instructions (by CINDEA) |
|
Last
Things: Alternatives at the End of Life
—
blueprints and instructions for making your
own coffin |
|
WikiHow:
How to Make a Coffin —
blueprints and instructions for making your
own coffin [Note:
it would need to be revised to be used in
a green burials
ground — no paint, metal,etc. —
nothing that isn't biodegradable] |
|
Shelves
for Life —
blueprints available for a bookcase (usable
during life) that reassembles into
a coffin |
| |
Also
see various YouTube videos on making your
own casket |
|
TheSoulCircle
— shrouds (made from CINDEA
designs) prepared
for you to sew yourself or ready-made |
| |
|
Canadian-based
Products and Supplies (or
information) |
|
Rawganique
willow-hemp caskets — made on Denman
Island, British Columbia — handmade and
completely eco-friendly, can be ordered in
specific sizes and shipped world-wide
|
|
Evergreen
Coffins — Royston, B.C. — made
with a mix of sustainably grown Vancouver
Island softwoods: spruce, hemlock, pine and
fir; as carbon neutral as possible, so we
use no metals or plastic, plywood or toxic
glues, and only untreated Manilla hemp rope
for the handles; no finishes to our coffins,
leaving the wood the way nature made it. Evergreen
Coffin kits are flat packed for easy shipping
and assembly. |
|
Casket
Depot — Toronto, Ontario — have
inexpensive plain cardboard caskets which
you can buy one at a time |
|
Imperial
Evergreen —
Port Coquitlam, BC —
rebuilding
their site but have offered a range of ecological
urns and a few caskets in the past. Note:
if you use the code "CINDEA"
when checking out, you will get 10% off the
item (not including shipping
costs or taxes) |
|
Fiddlehead
Caskets — New Brunswick —
"simple
pine box" hand-made caskets — made
from locally sourced pine, re-purposing the
wood shavings from the milling process to
fill an unbleached cotton mattress and pillow;
available throughout the Maritime Provinces.
Option to build yourself with
a casket
kit. Contact Master Craftsman
Jeremy Burrill via email
for specifics on shipping the casket outside
of the Maritimes. |
|
Ecofuneral
—
Ontario
— especially
for
inexpensive
cardboard caskets and
more eco
shrouds and more casket options |
|
TheSoulCircle
— shrouds (made from CINDEA
designs) prepared for you to sew yourself
or ready-made |
|
Cedar
Creek Caskets Facebook page —
Nanaimo, BC — Phone 250-816-0464
for more information |
| |
|
|
Selecting
a casket or an urn – know your rights
(Consumer Protection BC) |
| |
|
|
Mprint
— Acheson, Alberta — will customize
beautiful designs to wrap a casket or urn —
Phone 587.597.1310 |
| |
|
Products
and Supplies from
Elsewhere |
|
Natural
Burial Products — U.S.A., and available
in Canada — coffins-catalogue shipped
directly to clients in U.S.A. or Canada |
|
Passages
International — U.S.A — specializes
in eco-friendly funeral products, including
caskets. Note: this
is a wholesale company, but you can order
a casket via CINDEA and have
it shipped directly to you (plain
cardboard or the 6-point bamboo casket will
be the least expensive to ship -- assembly
required). |
|
|
Eco-pod
— U.K., and can be shipped to Canada
— distributor for North America is the
Natural
Burial Company, Oregon Note:
Eco-pods may be produced in Oregon in the
near future (see Eco-pod
North America) |
|
Natural
Funeral Company — Australia, and
available in Canada — Eco-Weave casket
(from bamboo) and other
products  —
71 Colin Shaw Lane, Ponsonby 1011, Auckland |
|
My
Alternatives
—
Canada/BC
— cardboard caskets
(note: many cemeteries will allow cardboard
caskets for green burial) |
|
Green
Burial Council
—
check Finding a Provider
on top menu for range of approved green products
and providers (includes
some Canadian ones) |
|
Natural
Endings —
UK— range of eco caskets, good for ideas
but doesn't ship to Canada |
(return
to top)
Funeral/Memorial
Poems
(return
to top)
On-line
Memorial Services
Note that many newspapers now offer
on-line memorial services if an obituary is placed
in their paper, although you may need to specifically
ask for it.Some
funeral homes may also provide this service.
On-line memorial services make it possible for
family members and friends
especially those who lived
at a distance, and/or were otherwise unable to
attend the funeral/memorial
to share their memories,
and celebrate the life, of the person who has
died.
Those
listed below are only a sampling of those available
free of charge.Others
are easily Googled; and for a small charge, offer
a more extensive website tribute, the ability
for family and friends to add tributes, and/or
maintenance the site for at least a year's time
or more.
(return
to top)
Grief/Bereavement
Counselling and Services
(see also Canadian
Hospice/Palliative Care —
and check if your local Hospice has grief counselling
available)
CANADA
|
|
Canadian
Professional Counsellors Association —
choose your province under 'Province' and
'grief counselling' under 'Counselling Approaches'
|
|
|
Canadian
Centre for Bereavement Education and Grief
Counselling
—
49
Gloucester Street, Toronto, Ont. Educates
professionals who are working with the dying
and the bereaved as well as providing counselling
services and resources for those who grieve.
Telephone: 416-926-0905 |
|
Canadian
Association for Spiritual Care (pastoral
counselling) |
|
The
Centre for Grief Journey —
wide range of books,
videos, meditations, discussion forums, and
seminars for grieving people -- including
a online support forum called Among
Friends |
|
|
Canadian
Mental Health Association Branch locations
— across the country — many branches
offer grief/bereavement support |
|
Theravive
Therapist Directory —
listings by province and cities (check
individual listings for grief/bereavement
or end-of-life counselling) |
|
Canadian
Directory of Hospice Palliative Care Services
—
Directory
of Services — most of which will
have grief/bereavement support programs |
|
Canadian
Mental Health Association Grieving —
general information |
|
The
Lifeline Canada Foundation — resources
for grief and bereavement by
province/territory (farther down) |
|
Canadian
Alliance For Grieving Children and Youth
— links to resources for all provinces/territories |
|
MyGrief.ca
— is an online resource to help people
work through their grief from the comfort
of their own home, at their own pace. It was
developed by family members who’ve “been
there,” and grief experts. |
|
Grief
Because Love Never Dies —
David Kessler's Online Grief Courses and Workshops
to Remember With More Love Than Pain |
| |
|
| |
General
Grief/Bereavement Resources |
|
Canadian
Virtual Hospice Gallery — under Grief
and Loss — articles and videos, as
well as discussion forums for the grieving,
including children |
|
Room
217 Foundation —
useful products
pan-death |
|
Bereaved
Families of Ontario Affiliates
(resources coming soon) |
| |
|
| |
Specially
for grieving children |
|
Kids
Grief supported by Canadian Virtual Hospice
Gallery |
|
Canadian
Alliance For Grieving Children and Youth
— links to resources for all provinces/territories |
| |
|
| Specially
for grieving teenagers |
|
What's
Your Grief —
for
teenagers as
well as other family groups/issues |
|
Canadian
Alliance For Grieving Children and Youth
— links to resources for all provinces/territories |
| |
|
| |
Specifically
for the deaths prenatal, stillborn, infants
or children |
|
|
Baby
Steps —
Infant
Loss |
|
|
The
Compassionate Friends (when
a child dies) — see province branches
under 'chapters' — offers support in
the grief and trauma which follows the death
of a child, no matter the age or cause |
|
|
CLIMB
(the Center for Loss in Multiple
Birth), Inc — International group,
including Canadians — providing support
for all who have experienced the death of
one or more of their twins, or higher multiple-birth
children, at any time from conception through
birth, infancy and early childhood.
|
|
Empty
Cradle Pregnancy
and Infant Loss Support, Education and Remembrance,
only available in BC |
|
|
Canadian
Resource Centre for Victims of Crime |
|
Theravive
—
overcoming loss and death, grief counseling
—
plus directory of therapists for Canada by
province (includes U.S.A. by
state as well) |
|
Butterfly
Run —
supporting those who have experienced infertility,
pregnancy loss, and infant loss. Being a bereaved
parent is a path that no one should walk alone.
|
|
Canadian
Goverment page on Grief —
extensive information on infant loss before
or after birth |
| |
|
| |
Specifically
for those choosing or witnessing MAiD |
|
MAiD
Family Support –
Formerly Bridge 4 You – compassionate,
lived-experience support and connection to
people helping a loved one who is considering
or planning for Medical Assistance in Dying
(MAiD) or those who are grieving a loss due
to MAiD. |
|
Bridge-14
—
compassionate support for those planning a
MAiD death or grieving one. Volunteer
and contact
form. |
| |
|
| |
And
other concerns |
|
|
Pet
Loss Partners support groups |
|
by Province and Territory
|
Alberta |
Alberta
Health Services re Grief support, My Heath on Grief and Grieving
Red
Deer Hospice ‘Good Grief’ support
group, Alberta
chapter of
Compassionate
Friends |
|
British
Columbia |
Living
Through Loss Counselling Society of BC
—
information,
counselling and referrals where necessary,
BC
Bereavement Helpline, Lower
Mainland Grief Recovery Society,
Mission
Hospice Society Bereavement Support &
Resources, Prince
George Hospice Rainbows Child Grief Support
, Broken
Circle and Grief and Grub for Guys,
North
Okanagan Hospice Society Grief and Bereavement
Services, BC
chapter of Compassionate
Friends |
|
Manitoba |
Canadian
Mental Health Association , Palliative
Manitoba Bereavement, Manitoba
chapter of
Compassionate Friends |
|
Newfoundland/Labrador |
Newfoundland
chapter of Compassionate
Friends |
|
New
Brunswick |
Canadian
Mental Health Association Hospice
southeast New Brunswick
(scroll down), Canadian
Alliance for Grieving Children and Youth,
New
Brunswick chapter of
Compassionate
Friends |
|
Northwest
Territories |
Virtual
Hospice NWT resources, Theravive
Grief and Loss Counselling in Yellowknife
and other cities,
EMental
Health NWT, |
|
Nova
Scotia |
E-Mental
Health NS grieving, Caregivers
NS Association Grief & Bereavement,
Nova
Scotia list of Grief and Bereavement Supports,
Grief
Therapists in Nova Scotia, Virtual
Hospice Grief NS, Hospice
Halifax Grief and Loss (resources
beyond Halifax) |
|
Nunavut |
Virtual
Hospice Nunavut grief resources, E-Mental
Health grief, and Kamatsiaqut
Helpline |
|
Ontario |
Canadian
Mental Health Association Bereavement
Ontario Network — directory,
Bereaved
Families of Ontario affliliates, Ontario
Caregiver Organization grief and loss ,
AIDS
Bereavement and Resiliency Program of Ontario
, Ontario
chapter of Compassionate
Friends, Bereaved
Families —
Ontario —
Kingston
—
online resources (forum and
chat room) for teenagers |
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Prince
Edward Island |
Canadian
Mental Health Association
Hospice
Palliative Care Association of PEI
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Quebec |
Quebec
chapter of Compassionate
Friends, Grief
Therapists in Quebec, Canadian
Alliance for Grieving Children and Youth Quebec |
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Saskatchewan |
Canadian
Mental Health Association, the Provincial Bereavement Network — as well as other grief/bereavement services, Grief and Bereavement
Resources,
Caring Hearts, the Incredible Parent Directory 2023: Bereavement, and — Sask. chapter of Compassionate
Friends |
|
Yukon |
Hospice
Yukon Society bereavement support |
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Last
updated June 2023 © CINDEA
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